Saturday, December 28, 2019

Biography of Charles Edward Stuart, Scotland’s Bonnie Prince

Charles Edward Stuart, also known as the Young Pretender and the Bonnie Prince Charlie, was the claimant and heir apparent to the throne of Great Britain in the 18th century. He led the Jacobites, supporters of a Catholic monarch, in a series of victories across Scotland and England in 1745 in an attempt to recapture the crown, though he is chiefly remembered for his defeat at Culloden Moor on April 16, 1746. The bloody battle and subsequent repercussions against suspected Jacobites in Scotland permanently ended the Jacobite cause. Fast Facts: Charles Edward Stuart Known For: Claimant to the throne of Great BritainAlso Known As: The Young Pretender; Bonnie Prince Charlie  Born: December 31, 1720 in Palazzo Muti, Rome, Papal Estates  Died: January 31, 1788 in Palazzo Muti, Rome, Papal Estates  Parents: James Francis Edward Stuart; Maria Clementina Sobieska  Ã‚  Spouse: Princess Louise of StolbergChildren: Charlotte Stuart (illegitimate) Charles’ escape from Scotland after the battle at Culloden helped to romanticize the Jacobite cause and the plight of Scottish Highlanders during the 18th century.   Birth and Early Life   The Bonnie Prince was born in Rome on December 31, 1720, and christened Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Severino Maria. His father, James Francis Edward Stuart, had been brought to Rome as an infant when his deposed father, James VII, received Papal support after fleeing London in 1689. James Francis married Maria Clementina, a Polish princess with a large inheritance, in 1719. After the failures of the second and third Jacobite Risings in Scotland at the beginning of the 18th century, the birth of a Stuart heir was heartening to the Jacobite cause. Charles was charismatic and sociable from a young age, characteristics that would later compensate for his lack of skill in battle. As a royal heir, he was privileged and well educated, particularly in the arts. He spoke several languages, including enough Gaelic to be understood in Scotland, and he is said to have played the bagpipes. He was fair-faced and likely bisexual, characteristics that earned him the nickname â€Å"Bonnie Prince.† Introduction to the Jacobite Cause As the son of the claimant and heir apparent to the throne of Great Britain, Charles was raised to believe in his divine right to an absolute monarchy. It was his life’s purpose to ascend to the throne of Scotland, Ireland, and England, and it was this belief that ultimately lead to the so-called Young Pretender’s defeat, as his desire to capture London after securing Edinburgh exhausted his dwindling troops and supplies in the winter of 1745. In order to reclaim the throne, James and Charles needed support from a powerful ally. After the death of Louis XIV in 1715, France revoked its support of the Jacobite cause, but in 1744, with the War of Austrian Succession waging across the continent, James managed to secure financing, soldiers, and ships from the French to advance into Scotland. At the same time, the aging James named 23-year-old Charles Prince Regent, tasking him with taking back the crown. Defeat of the Forty-Five   In February 1744, Charles and his French company sailed for Dunkirk, but the fleet was destroyed in a storm shortly after departure. Louis XV refused to redirect any more effort from the ongoing War of Austrian Succession to the Jacobite cause, so the Young Pretender pawned the famed Sobieska Rubies to finance two manned ships, one of which was immediately decommissioned by a waiting British warship. Undeterred, Charles pressed on, stepping foot in Scotland for the first time in July 1745. The standard was raised for the Bonnie Prince in August at Glenfinnan, comprised mostly of destitute Scots and Irish farmers, a mix of Protestants and Catholics. The army marched south through the autumn, taking Edinburgh in early September. It would have been wise for Charles to wait out the ongoing war on the continent in Edinburgh, a move that would have exhausted the Hanoverian troops. Instead, motivated by a desire to claim the throne in London, Charles marched his army into England, getting as close as Derby before being forced to retreat. The Jacobites retreated north, up to the highland capital, Inverness, Charles’ most important holding. Government troops were not far behind, and a bloody battle was fast approaching. On the night of April 15, 1746, the Jacobites attempted a surprise attack, but they got lost in the marsh and darkness, rendering the attempt a dismal failure. As the sun rose the next morning, Charles ordered his Jacobite army, sleep-deprived and starving, to prepare for battle on the flat, muddy Culloden Moor. In less than an hour, the Hanoverian army obliterated the Jacobites, and Charles was nowhere to be found. In tears, the Young Pretender had fled the battlefield. Escape from Scotland Charles spent the subsequent months in hiding. He became acquainted with Flora MacDonald, who disguised him as her maid, â€Å"Betty Burke† and smuggled him safely to the Isle of Skye. He eventually crossed the mainland once more to catch French ships en route to the continent. In September 1746, Charles Edward Stuart left Scotland for the last time.   Death and Legacy After a few years searching for Jacobite support, Charles returned to Rome, blaming his senior commanders for the loss at Culloden. He fell into drunkenness, and in 1772 married Princess Louise of Stolberg, a girl 30 years his junior. The pair had no children, leaving Charles without an heir, though he did have one illegitimate daughter, Charlotte. Charles died in Charlotte’s arms in 1788. In the aftermath of Culloden, Jacobitism became shrouded in myth, and over the years, the Bonnie Prince became the symbol of a valiant but doomed cause rather than a privileged, unskilled prince that abandoned his army. In reality, it was, at least in part, the impatience and impudence of the Young Pretender that simultaneously cost him his throne and permanently ended the Jacobite cause.   Sources Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Jacobites. National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, UK.  Highland and Jacobite Collection. Inverness Museum and Art Gallery, Inverness, UK.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jacobites.†Ã‚  A History of Scotland, by Neil Oliver, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2009, pp. 288–322.Sinclair, Charles.  A Wee Guide to the Jacobites. Goblinshead, 1998.â€Å"The Jacobite Risings and the Highlands.†Ã‚  A Short History of Scotland, by R.L. Mackie, Oliver and Boyd, 1962, pp. 233–256.The Jacobites. West Highland Museum, Fort William, UK.  Visitor’s Centre Museum. Culloden Battlefield, Inverness, UK.

Friday, December 20, 2019

Effects Of The Heart Rate From Caffeine And Ethanol

The metabolism of an organism represents all bodily chemical reactions to intake, actions, etc (Reece, et al. 2011). Metabolism is often referred to as the energy of life, since it is either acting to conserve or expel energy of an organism. This can be measured mathematically through a series of experiments. Examples of metabolism are differences of the heart rate from caffeine and ethanol. By understanding the topic, it can be proven that these drugs affect organisms in a certain way, such as the heart rate. The information, collected following the experiment, can be inferred in recognizing the way our body responds to chemicals when drinking coffees and colas. The experiment was conducted by inducing the species Daphnia magna to both caffeine and ethanol, while being compared to a controlled group. Daphnia magna are small crustaceans, commonly known as water fleas, which are transparent making them easy to study their metabolism (Corotto et al. 2010). Since caffeine is a simulativ e and ethanol is a depressant, it assumed that the heart rate would increase with the exposure of caffeine and decrease with ethanol compared to control. This will occur not only in Daphnia magna, but also all other organisms. Material and Methods To conduct the experiment on the effects of caffeine and ethanol on the species, Daphnia magna, a set of instructions was followed laid out by the Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania Biology Department in the Laboratory Manual (Castle and PaulsonShow MoreRelatedDaphnia Lab Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesDaphnia and Additives Lab Purpose The purpose of this lab is to test what effect of Nicotine, Acetylcholine, Epinephrine, Caffeine, and Ethanol on an organism’s heart rate. Materials * Microscope * Eye dropper * Pipet * Cotton balls * Depression slide * Beakers * Daphnia * Water * Five additives: Nicotine, Acetylcholine, Epinephrine, Caffeine, Ethanol Procedure 1. Put on safety goggles. 2. 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When you smoke tobacco, the effects on your body are immediate. Your pulse increases. BreathingRead MoreDrugs And Abuse Of Drugs1564 Words   |  7 Pagesof drugs can have effects on the user even after the use of drugs has stopped. Different drugs produce different effects, depending on the user, type of drug, and severity of abuse. New research is done every day in the area of drug abuse that makes finding accurate results on the broad topic of drug abuse very difficult. From the most recent studies only can one find data that is presently accepted as correct. These numerous studies provide enough data to explain the effects of both legal and illegalRead More Drugs and Abuse Essay3015 Words   |  13 Pagesof drugs can have effects on the user even after the use of drugs has stopped. Different drugs produce different effects, depending on the user, type of drug, and severity of abuse. New research is done every day in the area of drug abuse that makes finding accurate results on the broad topic of drug abuse very difficult. From the most recent studies only can one find data that is presently accepted as correct. These numerous studies provide enough data to explain the effects of both legal andRead MoreIntoxication Will Slow Down Your Reaction Time Essays3687 Words   |  15 Pagesis usually consumed; after drinking an alcoholic beverage. Alcohol is absorbed over almost the entire length of the digestive tract. Absorption from the mouth and oesophagus (canal between mouth and stomach) is minimal. Ethanol absorption from the stomach may vary between 10 and 30 %. The remainder of the ethanol is absorbed from the duodenum and small intestine. Overall, more than 90% of all alcohol consumed is absorbed, irrespective of the presence of food in the stomachRead MoreSleep Tight And Don t Let The Disorders Bite3239 Words   |  13 Pagessleep disorders: Insomnia disorder, Hypersomnolence disorder, Narcolepsy, Breathing-related sleep disorders (e.g., sleep apnea), and Parasomnias (e.g., nightmare disorder; Sprock O’Laughlin, 2013). Finally, it is important to consider the possible effects of all forms of disordered sleep on all likely behavioral outcomes specifically as such relationships may exist for adolescents. Biological changes in adolescence cause adolescents’ preferred sleep-wake cycle to shift, leading them to prefer staying

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Police Brutality Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Police Brutality Persuasive Essay Description:It was April 29, 1992 and it was my twelve birthday. My mom gave me a little chocolate cake with a plastic surfer riding a wave on top of it. We were watching television while I was getting ready to blow out my candles. There was a disturbance in South Central Los Angeles that the news helicopters were covering on every channel. There were crowds of people flooding the intersection of Florence and Normandy acting rowdy and getting aggressive toward passing cars. They stopped cars and pulled people out of them. The news cameras were right on top of it all of the way. Reginald Deny was taken out of his semi-truck and severely beaten. You could see people enthused about beating this defenseless man. One man grabbed a brick and threw it at Denys head then began to dance with enthusiasm. The majority of the crowd were black and they were harassing any other race that happened to go through their neighborhood. The crowd got out of control setting fire to cars and the violence w as quickly spreading to other blocks around the neighborhood. I continued to eat my cake as I watched the news broadcasting the surging violence. The crowd was reacting to the acquittal, just hours earlier, of the four police officers in the beating of Rodney King2 . People couldnt believe the outcome. The beating of Rodney King was videotaped and shown over and over to the public. People believed that finally there was going to be justice. They believed that there was clear-cut evidence showing what has been complained about for years. Finally people who had never believed the accounts of police brutality existed witnessed it for themselves. Finally the public as a whole could react and try to control the officers that abuse their power. But instead, the officers were acquitted, and the Ngo 2public felt betrayed. Especially the black community who was fed up with their complaints falling on deaf ears. They were fed up and they resorted to rioting. For five days the violence persist ed and spread further and further out of the ghetto reaching across the borders of the black communities of South Central and into adjacent neighborhoods. The subject of police brutality was thrown into the eyes of the public. People could no longer ignore the problem and the city of Los Angeles was made the example of citizens frustrations in clouds of smoke and looted communities . Police brutality is defined as the unauthorized exercise of police discretion where the policeman acts without the formal capacity to impose legal sanctions (Rucheelman 133). The officers are given the power to use their best judgment in all situations. The main complaint is that the police often use force that is unnecessary. The police argue that they use force in order to protect themselves. The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics (International Association of Chiefs of Police) begins as follows: As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence and disorder; and to respect the Constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality, and justice (Ruchelman 17). It later addresses prejudices and violence stating: I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or friendships to infl uence my decisionsI will enforce the law courteouslyNgo 3and appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill will, never employing unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities (Ruchelman 17). The line between police brutality and the proper force used in any situation is not always clearly drawn. Police officers are in constant danger and need to control people in order to handle certain situations. Police officers need to calculate the amount of force needed as their situations develop. Their are two kinds of police brutality. One occurs when emotions run high for example, during mass demonstrations or riots. The other kind is carried out systematically and regularly in the line of duty and is often times fueled by stress, frustration, racial intolerance or for intimidation. The second type of misconduct is deliberate and calculating and is potentially more disturbing to society because it causes more distrust and animosity between the community and law enforceme nt (Ruchelman 134). Causes:Police misconduct or corruption has been in the front lines of the news and in the thoughts of citizens since it was officially made public through the lenses of a video camera in the Rodney King beating. Yet, police misconduct has been complained about for years. It is often hard to believe the tales of police misconduct because they are given by people who have committed crimes and have been taken into custody. To prove that an officer has committed a crime, the person would need to convince a court room as well as other officers that an unlawful act has occurred. But the claim would be stereotyped before it was even heard, solely on the grounds that it is coming from an individual that is in a position to say whatever it takes to get themselves off the hook. For example, theNgo 4case of Mumia Abu Jamal, who claims to have been falsely accused and incarcerated for the December 1981 shooting and consequent death of a Philadelphia police officer. According to the World Wide We b site of The Case of Mumia Abu Jamal, police arrested Mumia with false evidence and for the fact that he was a harsh critic of the police department. The police harassed and withheld witnesses and evidence. There were suspects that were never investigated. Mumia was also defended by a court appointed attorney which he disagreed with and who was later disbarred. The facts behind his case make a point that police can use their extensive leverage to create a case that can stick and place a man on death row despite mounting evidence and widespread public support (Bisson 1). In Los Angeles the police department has been ridiculed extensively since the Rodney King incident, but other complaints have received less notoriety. On July 14, 1995 a jury found Los Angeles County sheriffs deputies in Lynwood guilty of systematic abuse, brutality, and racism. The class action litigation began in 1990 when mostly black and Latino residents of Lynwood accused deputies of systematic acts of shooting , killing, brutality, terrorism, house-trashing, and other acts of lawlessness and wanton abuse of power (B-1). The Lynwood suit involved fifty residents and seventy deputies. The jury awarded $611,000 to three African American men who were only the first plaintiffs to have their cases heard. This one decision took five years and cost the county $4.9 million in attorney fees alone. The decision only paves the way for other lawsuits which are pending and will soon follow (B-1). This case seems to be a turn in the right direction for the prosecution of officers abusing their powers, but another case that is much moreNgo 5publicly visible, due to the media coverage, is the case of the Riverside County sheriffs deputies who were videotaped beating two illegal immigrants with batons after a high speed chase in 1996 on the Pomona freeway. Riverside County was ordered to pay $370,000 to each of the victims, but the courts refused to prosecute the officers on the grounds that there was insu fficient evidence to prove that they violated federal civil rights laws (A-15). The Justice Department indicated that the deputies were in violation of policy, but even that was not enough to force legal action against the officers. The decision not to prosecute drew protests from civil rights groups in the United States as well as the Mexican government. The U.S. attorneys office met privately with Mexican American community leaders in hopes of easing tensions over the decision, but it was to no avail. The president of the Mexican American Political Association, Steve Figueroa, was outraged and heavily criticized Attorney General Janet Reno for refusing to prosecute. Figuoeroa plans to continue to push for the prosecution of the officers and is attempting to organize the public to force action against the police department (A-15). The animosity blacks and Latinos have toward the LAPD began in the fifties when police chief William H. Parker headed the department. Before Parker the L APD used community-based policing which allowed the officers to interact with the community by walking through the neighborhoods and getting to know the residents. Parker wanted his officers off the street and into squad cars where they could be aggressive, mobile, and make more arrests. Parker believed in intimidation and discouraging crime before it happened, he called it proactive policing (Corwin 232). Residents in the black and Latino neighborhoods considered proactive policingNgo 6harassment. Entering white neighborhoods they were routinely tailed, stopped, then searched. Without any provocation they complained of being bullied, intimidated, and beaten. Later in the eighties, when police chief Daryl Gates took over the department, Proactive policing was pushed even harder. Anti-gang sweeps resulted in the arrest of tens of thousands of black and Latino men, who were never charged with crimes and later released (240). Gates claimed that LAPD officers had to be aggressive becaus e they were outnumbered. The LAPD had the lowest ratio of officers to residents of the nations six largest cities and LAPD officers, by using gunfire, killed or wounded more civilians than any of the nations largest cities (234). In 1991 Warren Christopher, a prominent Los Angeles attorney, who latter became secretary of the state, headed an investigation into the LAPD in response to the Rodney King beating. The results of the investigation further tarnished the reputation of the LAPD, it concluded that the department was out of touch with the minority communities and tolerated racially motivated brutality. It went on to criticize the department for leniency in disciplining officers guilty of excessive force. The investigation found that officers with numerous complaints against them had these reports left out of their files and were often promoted quickly through the department. The Christopher commission concluded that The failure to control these problem officers referring to tho se guilty of misconduct, is a management issue that we see as the heart of the problem of excessive force. (236). A Personal Experience with Fear EssaySolution: Working in an emergency room in a hospital, I see and speak with sheriffs deputies on a daily basis. For the most part they are all decent people trying to do theirNgo 7jobs and live their lives. When I speak with them they are usually warm, polite, and eager to being open and humorous. I dont feel intimidated or nervous around them. But, on the other hand when these same deputies approach me on the streets or pull me over in my car they take on a completely different persona. They are often intimidating and they treat you as if you are a criminal and guilty of a crime. I asked a deputy why they act so different out there on the streets and he replied because we are scared. The police have a bad reputation, especially in the Los Angeles area, but the officers are doing little to change that perception. The solution needs to begin with the officers themselves. The officers need to make a conscious effort to show people that they are try ing to protect society and that they are not looking to harass people. One option that might be a step in the right direction is to bring back more community-based policing which is recognized as a good way to fight crime and defuse tension in the inner cities (Corwin 232). Knowing residents in the cities, such as store owners and community leaders can only help build a relationship in which each side can try to trust one-another and work together to eliminate crime. The written guidelines that police officers have for the use of force is outlined in the World Wide Web site of Amnesty International. The officers may only use a minimum amount of force that is necessary to achieve a legitimate purpose. There are five stages in the use of force. (1) Verbal persuasion. (2) Unarmed physical force. (3) Force using non-lethal weapons (mace or pepper spray). (4) Force using impact weapons (batons). (5) Deadly force may be used only when an officer or another persons life is inNgo 8danger (A mnesty International). This is a rough outline of their evaluation of the guidelines, but it seems to be easy steps that can prevent the abuse of power. Another action could be to watch the police more closely through the use of an expanded internal affairs department. The Pittsburgh Police Department, under orders from the federal government, has begun tracking complaints against officers with a computerized system that will notify police supervisors that they may have a problem with certain officers. The police department is highly opposed to such measures calling it spying on the people hired to protect the public(Coates A-14). But the police are constantly spying on people in order to catch them at crimes, so in essence the system is only treating the officers the same as the other residents. The problem of police brutality is eventually going to be lessened by weeding out people that are not suitable for the responsibility. According to the Police Employment Handbook, to become a California Highway Patrol officer the basic requirements are a high school diploma or GED equivalent, twenty-three weeks of basic training, US citizenship, and good moral character. The annual salary is a minimum of $31,000 and a maximum of $38,000 (15-16). There is no educational incentive pay and the only other means of added salary is to work overtime. The amount of risk that is involved in this line is work is hardly worth the average payment that is received. The patrol officers work twelve-plus hours a day protecting society only to earn as much money as any minimally skilled person at an office job. The police department must get applications from people who are eager to help society or from people who are out to help themselves in an environment in which they can be in control, aggressive, and can get Ngo 9away with the use of force by excusing it as part of their job. There are plenty of good people who work in law enforcement, but on the other hand there are plenty that are not suitable for there responsibilities. The government needs to increase the salary of the officers and in turn require higher education. If individuals are motivated enough to help society, by becoming officers and in turn risking their lives to do so, then they deserve to be compensated equally. If the departments start hiring more quality personnel, then they should have less suits filed against them. The money they save by eliminating lawsuits can could be substantial to the amount they would need to increase the officers salaries. Legal Issues Essays

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Operations Management for Nestle- Critical Evaluation and Discussion

Question: Describe about The Case Study of Operations Management for Nestle. Answer: Introduction The selected company for pursuing the report is Nestle, which is a Swiss multinational organization with its operations engaged in providing nutritional and health-related consumer goods. The global operations of the company are controlled and monitored from headquarter located in Vevey, Switzerland. The selection of the particular company is based on its leading position within the identified industry measured by the revenues. The operations of the company significantly cover various segments in the global market from baby foods, and adult nutritional products to the snacks and pet foods (Park, Ungson, and Cosgrove 2015). Apart from that, different beverage products are offered by the company to its target market to ensure the growth and achievement of increasing revenues throughout the operating years. The global business operations of the company within the food and beverage industry are governed and controlled by the particular mission and vision statement of the enterprise. The brand tagline of Nestle is Good Food, Good Life, clearly indicating the continuous emphasis by the company to produce quality foods and serve those to the identified target market for contributing the promotion of quality regarding the health and lifestyles of the community. From the initial evaluation, it can be argued that the operations of the company are highly focused on being a leading and competitive nutrition, health and wellness company within the particular market. Such activities are designed to be a preferred corporate citizen and preferred supplier selling the favourite products and ultimately contributing to the increase in shareholder value. The company achieves such objectives with the help of its specifically designed operations effectively aligned by the critical mission statement (Das 2015). The production and management related operations of Nestle always prioritise of providing the best tasting and most nutritious products to its market consumers in its wide range of food and beverage items in the different categories. These products are effectively aimed to provide joy to the various eating occasions from morning to night. Therefore, the operational strategies with the combination of planning and controlling the product and process design will be comprehensively evaluated in the subsequent sections to ensure the establishment of useful understanding regarding the operations management. Critical Evaluation and Discussion The operations of Nestle are managed by developing some critical stages like planning the capacity, locating the facility, designing the products, application of Just-In-Time, developing the manufacturing system, and establishing the supply chain management system. These systems and processes are primarily identified to highlight the discussion within the following sections and ensure the formation of proper evaluative understanding related to the specific departments of the organization. Operations Strategy The operations strategy of Nestle is highly contributed by the application of nutrition, health and wellness strategy. The particular strategy is designed to support the people desiring to have a healthy lifestyle. The operations are designed by the practical contributions from innovation, which is continuously driven by the company through the industry-leading research and development. The entire scenario supports the constant transformation of the food and beverage portfolio of the enterprise. Apart from that, the research and development activities of Nestle are continuously focusing on exploring the roles of nutritional therapies for ensuring the improvement to the health and lifestyle of people (Kanapathy et al. 2016). With the help of these activities, the company is increasing focusing on creating awareness among the people from different communities for taking more care for their health and wellbeing aspects. Hence, the operations strategy of Nestle is largely based on strivi ng to deliver a positive impact on the numerous societies across the world regarding their activities. In order to achieve the specific aim, Nestle persistently shares various insights regarding the global nutrition, health and wellness challenges, builds superior partnerships with other major companies, and engages with the policymakers, key leaders, and stakeholders from the particular geographical location of company operations. From the initial information, it can be quite understood that the strategy developed by the company for promoting health and nutrition contributes the development of the overall business successfully. Therefore, it can be stated that the business plan is adequately dependent on the growth and sustainability of health and wellness initiatives designed and performed by the Nestle (Tang, Sodhi, and Formentini 2016). The certain approaches of the company always triggered to empower people within the community to make a decision during the purchase of food products. With the application of the science-based programmes promoting health and nutrition factors of the people, growing numbers of customers are becoming convincing to buy and try the food and beverage products offered by Nestle. For example, the healthy kids programme designed by Nestle aims to promote the healthy eating and drinking habits, especially for the children as they grow older (Ghauri 2015). Therefore, the companys oper ational policies are develop to teach nutritional needs and importance to the children and their parents to while encourage to take part in the various physical activities to maintain the certain level of required fitness. Such activities directly influence the business strategy of the company to generate more value for the operations of the company. On the other hand, constant evolution to the operations strategy of Nestle can be witnessed due to the fundamental influence of the government policies and interventions. Due to such scenario, the significant modifications to the commitments of the company are observed. For an example, the company has successfully reduced the quantity of salt, sugar, and saturated fats from its core products in a mean to remove the portion of trans-fat while meeting the critical preference of the customers (Kusnierczak 2014). The same scenario applies in the labelling and printing GDAs (Guideline Daily Amounts) in the product packaging and development stage of Nestle. The identified evolutions contribute to the betterment of the company operations and making it much more affordable and transparent towards the global customers. (Fig 1: The Pillars of operation Strategy of Nestle; Source: nestle.com) Product Service Design The product and service design of Nestle is highly based on adequate utilisation of the resources and minimisation of the optimal level of wastes throughout the lifecycle of the product. In this particular context, it is worth to mention that the company leverages increasingly on the incorporation of suitable research and development for maintaining sustainability in the product designing process (Smith 2012). According to Anne Roulin, the head of sustainability for research and development department of Nestle suggests that the company emphasises more on developing a good design for its products, as it believes that the process plays a major role in the preservation of natural environment. Nestle is known to be the largest fast-moving consumer goods company in the world. The sizeable part of the companys operational contributions is devoted to generating and maintain environmental sustainability through the product development and designing process. The implication of the particular contribution depends on of the ability of the company to measure the effects of its products to the environment right from the moment of designing or restoring them. For an example, the company considers how the customers dispose the packages during taking vital decisions during the product designing process (Dharni and Sharma 2015). Therefore, the product design practices adopted by the company considers all of the vital factors for the examination. These factors include the agricultural production to the ingredient sourcing, processing, and manufacturing and ultimately the way of utilisation by the consumers. The products offered by Nestle aims to cover the segments of the food and beverage market in the world by developing full range of goods belonging to the different categories. From the baby products to the adult or pet foods, the company has been able to maintain its reputation for an extended period due to the influence of highly efficient product development and designing process (Cullen and Parboteeah 2013). The individual process is combined with three major stages, which are briefly elaborated below. Faster and Economicin order to conduct the in-depth analysis of the products and their impacts on the environment, life cycle assessments are the widely used methodology for the company. However, the significant challenge within the process is the higher involvement of costs and time, as the process takes several months to finish. Therefore, the product designing process of the company should need to be conducted in more economical ways of analysing and determining the environmental impacts. It is one of the specific areas for Nestle, where it is facing the considerable amount of challenges, as the company is continuously working hard to develop a more prompt and economic effort. Such effort can be seen in the emergence of a web-based tool named as Ecodex, which is implemented throughout the worldwide operations of the company (Walker 2013). However, the company should need to focus more to reduce the environmental impact through its products, as the new development will allow the bu siness developing a better progress. Complex Data the mentioned system known as Ecodex was created by the life cycle assessment experts of Nestle by forming a partnership with an information technology company called Selerant (Bag, Anand, and Pandey 2016). The particular tool uses the information specifically related to the global food and beverage industry for ensuring the delivery of rapid and accurate data to product development teams of the company. The particular process allows the teams to evaluate the sustainability performance of various product lines of the enterprise. Apart from that, the complex data of the industry are transformed into the straightforward and user-friendly format to ensure the easier understanding. The company is currently engaged to market Ecodex for its availability in the commercial environment, as the particular situation can add value to the overall company. Sustainable by DesignApart from the involvement of Ecodex, the company also provides training to the product developers for encouraging them adopting the holistic approach across the critical stages of the value chain (Thoumrungroje and Racela 2013). Due to the implication of such process, the company has experienced the substantial improvements in many of the products and systems. From the application of the sustainability, the company has been able to develop new approaches enabling it to go further and faster. Process Design One of the primary aims of Nestle is adapting the particular packaging process of the products for ensuring the reduction of difficulties faced by the customers of all age levels. The specific approach can be highly observed in the operations of the company in its Thailand division. Nestle is one of the first enterprises in the food and beverage industry to adopt the individual approach in its product packaging department following the understanding related to the challenges faced by the environment. In its Thailand division, Nestle had introduced the inclusive design, which aims to seek development in the product designing process and to ensure the needs of the community are fulfilled sufficiently (Alon 2016). The RD department of the company is continuously focusing on the application of some specialised inclusive design tools for determining how the products can be utilised efficiently. According to the packaging head of Nestle at Thailand, Nestle is playing the leading responsibility regarding the development of its process design philosophy. With the emergence of inclusive design, the company can shift from good design to great design. With the help of the following statement, it can be proposed that the operations of Nestle in the international market including Thailand aim to develop a pioneering design for benefitting all the customers from different demographics and communities. The basic intention of the company through such design is designing the superior processes and developing the products, which holds the freshness, contributes to the safe usage, and provides easy understanding to the consumers regarding their instructions (Jannat 2015). The identified design in the processes efficiently helps the company to develop and maintain the sustainability of the overall operations through the minimisation of wastes. From the statement revealed by Anne Roulin, t he global head of the packaging and designing at Nestle it can be ascertained that placing the customers in the central of operations during the process design is the important approach embraced by the company operating in the multiple countries globally. Due to the implication of the approach, it becomes easier for the company to serve the needs of its global customers regardless of their age or physical conditions. In its operations in Thailand, Nestle utilises three different factors in designing the processes as part of the packaging and developing stages, such as special pair of gloves, liberating, and key brand asset. The unique pair of gloves is used by the packaging experts of the company during the production of five of the most popular products of the company with the aim of weakening the impact of arthritis (Zhang and Preechawipat 2012). The proper understanding developed by the firm related to the consumers suffering from arthritis, which hampered their strength and movement has driven the company to adopt such a design in the process. From the overall understanding, it can be suggested that the process designing stage of Nestle is defined by the complete composition of products, the involving packaging, and the nutritional values they consist of their customers. With the help of a diagram, the process design of the identified company can be further categorised. (Fig 2: Primary Activities related to the Process Design; Source: www.nestle.com) Planning Control Considering the definition of an organization, it is identified as an entity that utilises various inputs like capital and resources to process them and develop the outputs in the form of products and services. In order to ensure the growth and success in the global market, the entities are highly required to invest most of its capital in RD and marketing for studying the attitudes and perceptions of the target market customers. Every business provides priority to satisfy the customer by the way of providing them effectively and quality comprised products and services. More the satisfied customers contribute to bettering the position of the company in the respective market. Hence, the global competition generates due to providing products and services to the customers according to the prices they pay (Rongwiriyaphanich 2014). Companies engaging in these activities successfully generate increasing brand identity, revenue, and profit. In case of Nestle, the company is engaged in the ty pical planning process for ensuring the adequate growth in the business operations is maintained and the nutritional health and wellness products are offered flawlessly to the customers in the internal markets. The overall planning and controlling process of Nestle are guided by adopting the capacity planning. Capacity planning is composed of three individual stages, which are briefly elaborated below. Level Capacity Plan this particular stage is committed to control and monitors the individual level of stock with the company. The mechanisms as part of the stage are planned for maintaining the same degree of production capacity for the company regardless of the demand. With the help of the activities adopted in the certain stage, the company aims to stabilise the employment, lowering the cost of unit, and higher utilisation of processes (Park, Ungson, and Cosgrove 2015). However, level capacity planning induces the company the need for production storage and inventory, rather than the falling sales. Therefore, Nestle should need to consider the shelf-life factor critically to control the situation efficiently when the production exceeds the demand. On the other hand, Nestle deals with the food products, which are non-durable goods. Based on the understanding, it is evident, that the certain stage of planning also brings some vital challenges for Nestle other than the identified benefits. Chase Demand Plan demand chase plan is exactly opposite to the level capacity planning. Chase demand related planning process deals with the products that cannot be store and should be sold immediately. The food and beverage product sold by the company is the effective example of such type of goods (Mahalder 2014). As part of this particular planning, the production process is controlled by the company to produce the equal number of goods as demanded by the target market. The particular approaches as part of the identified planning are introduced by Nestle under some certain conditions, especially during the picks and falls of demand in the identified market at a given period. Some of the critical measures embraced by Nestle during the period are: Reduction or extension of working days Recruiting human capital on a part-time basis Developing a full-time employment or laying off extra staffs Demand Management another useful stage in the planning process of Nestle is developing the demand management mechanism for dealing with the fluctuations commendably. Some of the well-known benefits of identified functions as part of the specific planning are a reduction of cost associated with the business process, improvement of services, advanced utilisation of companys resources and capacities, and ultimately contributing to the increase of profits. The planning process is majorly developed by transferring the demands of the customers from more condensed stages to more relaxed phases (Vachani and Post 2012). The company comprehensively does the identified practice thorough creating the alternative products, providing discounts, or offering new outputs to the customers. One of the most compelling examples of the individual approach is cutting the price of an individual food product of the company to increase the client demands and purchasing power in the summer time. Thus, the stored products of the company can be sold to the identified market consumers successfully. From the overall information, it can be proposed that the selection of appropriate planning and control process influences the achievement of short or long-term goals requires the company analyse and determine the consequences of the activities. Innovation and Improvement Continuous improvement is necessary for a company to hold the leading position within the identified market and thrive to respond according to the needs of the market consumers. Improving the products of the company through maintaining innovation within the processes is the vital objective for Nestle, as the practices are the heart of the companys operation for over 150 years. The company has become the largest private nutrition and food research organization in the world through its internal presence in the major countries across the globe, including the operational hubs at Thailand (Jannat 2015). The company has the diverse range of products committed to serving the needs of multiple communities and demographics in the identified food and beverage markets. The company is largely focused on creating nutritional, and health benefits through the wide range of products offered to the consumers. One of the primary examples of innovations associated with the operations of Nestle is launc hing the open innovation platform called Henri@Nestle (Alon 2016). The company designs the particular platform by developing collaborations with the various start-ups of the country. On the other hand, the Silicon Valley Innovation Outpost launched in 2013 by Nestle further expanded the platform to work with the new start-ups and promotes the improvement of operations through the inclusion of innovative activities. (Fig 3: Henri@Nestle Initiative launched by Nestle; Source: www.nestle.com) Supply Chain The supply chain aspect of Nestle is highly driven to establish the great platform supporting the involvement of collaborative supply chain professionals. The company achieves the original competitive edge through the effective contributions from the supply chain of the company. With the combination of the Demand and Supply Planning, Physical Logistics, Planning and Procurement, and Customer Services, the management and control mechanism is developed by the company in such a manner to facilitate the development of superior communication with the customers. At the same time, the supply chain management strategies adopted by the company helps it to offer the products according to the market needs of the consumers in the right possible times. More clearly, the Supply Chain Management of Nestle is the combination of art and science assisting the company to achieve its corporate objectives in superiorly. With the help of the process, the company identifies the particular need of raw components for producing the products or services (Zhang and Preechawipat 2012). Apart from that, the company recognizes the manufacturers for delivering the goods manufactured by the corporation and subsequently offered to the customers. The key supply chain management activities of Nestle is developed by the useful contributions of the important parties like suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, consumers, and producers. The process can be highlighted effectively with a relevant diagram below. (Fig 4: Supply Chain Management Processes adopted by Nestle; Source: wordpress.com) Quality Management The operations of Nestle is highly committed to maintaining quality and safety in the production process for ensuring the safe and health usage is provided to the consumers. Over the years, quality and safety for the consumers are the fundamental concerns for the formation of key strategies designed by the company for managing quality. The same concept applies to the entire portfolio of the company from food and beverage products to the systems and services. From the analysis to the companys website, it can be determined that the product safety and quality assurance is one of the top ten corporate business principles of Nestle (Cullen and Parboteeah 2013). The same principles have followed the company for its global operations including the activities of Nestle in Thailand. The quality management system and its actions of Nestle are designed by the useful guidance obtained from the quality policy developed by the company. The policy describes some of the useful commitments of the enterprise, such as: Matching with the expectations and preferences of the market consumers to promote the development of trust in the business operations Complying with the quality requirements and regulations regarding the internal and external food health and safety Developing and spreading a zero-defect and no-waster attitudes for the members of the organization Prioritising quality as the group-wide objective From the information highlighted in this particular section, it can be ascertained that quality management system is the global platform for Nestle to guarantee the compliance of specific standards followed in different countries. Specific quality standards regarding the food and beverage products are designed to ensure food safety and health related to benefits to the consumers (Smith 2012). Apart from that, the internal quality management system of the company is thoroughly audited by the independent certification bodies to ensure the conformity to the international standards, norms, and regulatory requirements. Conclusion and Recommendations The various products of Nestle have become highly popular among the mass population of Thailand over the course of times. The strong growth of the company to become the market leader in the food and beverage industry is highly contributed by the popularity of these products to the identified market and their sales to the increasing number of customers. From the overall analysis, it can be identified that the success of the company is highly proliferated by the presence of efficient distribution network and the suitably defined operational strategy. The strategies and processes are identified to be highly influenced by the sustainability approaches to preserve the environmental balance. Apart from that, the companys products and services are developed to provide health and wellbeing related benefits to the consumers irrespective of their age or physical conditions. The marketing activities of the company play the significant roles in this particular scenario to inform the customers ab out the benefits of different products manufactured by Nestle. Therefore, the overall report helps to identify that quality, taste, and availability are the three significant factors Nestle provides higher value and emphasis during the management of its principal operations. However, it is observed that the food and beverage products of Nestle highly emphasis on the target markets of popular cities throughout the world, while providing a limited highlight to the rural areas. Therefore, the company should need to think of developing different categories of products to target the rural markets across the world. 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